CBSE Class 12 Economics 6-Mark Questions 2027 with Answers

The official CBSE Class 12 Economics Sample Paper 2026-27 contains four 6-mark long-answer questions. Two are from Macroeconomics and two from Indian Economic Development.

The important feature is that these are not purely memory-based. They combine definitions, reasoning, current economic context, data interpretation and evaluation, so a strong answer needs to move fluidly between stating a concept and applying it to the specific numbers or context given.

Quick Reference: What Each Question Tests

Q16 tests GDP concepts through India’s growth story. Q17 tests the Consumption Function and RBI’s Open Market Operations, or an alternative on APC and ex-ante saving/investment. Q33 tests Human Development indicators and Special Economic Zones, or China’s demographic and economic history. Q34 tests Global Warming and Sustainable Development strategies. Two of these four questions have a dedicated deep-dive article linked below, with extra practice questions.

Question 16: GDP and India’s economic growth

The passage discusses India’s economic growth and asks three things: Define GDP. Decide whether an inflation-adjusted GDP growth figure represents Nominal GDP or Real GDP. Explain India’s strong economic position and the reasons behind the growth surge.

Model Approach

GDP

Gross Domestic Product is the market value of final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of an economy during a given period.

Real GDP

Because the figure is adjusted for inflation, it represents Real GDP.

Why Real GDP Is Useful

Real GDP measures output at constant prices and therefore removes the effect of price changes, making it more useful for measuring real economic growth.

Growth drivers highlighted by the marking scheme include: policy and structural reforms; resilient domestic demand; moderating inflation; higher labour-force participation; revival in domestic investment; investor confidence; deeper global integration.

Exam tip: When a passage gives current data, do not drift into general commentary. Use only the economic reasoning needed by the question.

Question 17: Consumption Function and RBI Open Market Operations

Option A has two parts.

Components of Consumption Function

Autonomous Consumption is the minimum consumption that occurs even when income is zero.

Induced Consumption changes with the level of income.

RBI Open Market Operations

The question refers to RBI purchasing government securities.

The marking logic is: RBI purchases securities → liquidity rises → funds available with commercial banks rise → lending can increase → Aggregate Demand may increase.

This is a classic cause-and-effect question. Write the transmission chain clearly. The dedicated RBI/CRR/OMO article below covers both the CRR and OMO versions of this reasoning in full, with two extra practice questions.

Alternative Option

The alternative asks students to evaluate: APC at break-even income; ex-ante savings vs investment; distance between Aggregate Demand and Investment curves as income changes.

At break-even income, C = Y, so APC = C/Y = 1.

If ex-ante saving exceeds ex-ante investment, planned consumption is lower than firms expected and unintended inventories accumulate, which is itself a signal that firms will revise production downward in the next period.

Question 33: Human Development data and SEZ OR China

Option A uses a data table comparing India, China and Pakistan.

Students must: identify one income and one health indicator; compare India and China on selected indicators; explain Special Economic Zones.

The marking scheme identifies:

Income indicator — Gross National Income per capita in PPP terms.

Health indicator — Maternal Mortality Rate.

The sample answer compares India and China using actual values from the table and then explains SEZs as regions with economic laws different from the normal laws of the country, used to promote investment, development and trade.

Alternative Option

The alternative asks about China’s one-child norm and the Great Leap Forward.

The marking scheme states that the one-child policy contributed to demographic imbalance and a declining sex ratio, with an ageing population consequence.

Challenges to the Great Leap Forward mentioned include: severe drought; withdrawal of Russian professionals after conflict with China.

Question 34: Global Warming and Sustainable Development

The question uses a passage on India’s energy transition.

Students must: Define global warming. Identify two government initiatives. Explain two sustainable-development strategies.

The marking scheme defines global warming as a gradual rise in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere due to increased greenhouse gases.

Government initiatives named: National Nuclear Mission; Green Hydrogen Mission.

Strategies explained: wind energy; solar energy.

For wind, the marking scheme notes the absence of adverse environmental impact during generation and the long-run benefits despite high initial cost. For solar, it notes use of photovoltaic cells and usefulness in remote areas where grid access may be difficult or costly. The dedicated Sustainable Development article below solves this question fully and adds two extra practice questions.

How to Write a 6-mark Economics Answer

1. Follow the sub-parts exactly.

Do not turn a 1+2+3 structure into one long essay.

1. Use equations where relevant.

For APC, equilibrium income and multiplier, show the relationship.

1. Quote data when the question provides it.

A comparison is stronger when it uses the actual values supplied.

1. Show causal links.

Economics marks often depend on explaining why one variable affects another.

1. Separate description from evaluation.

First define the concept, then apply it to the case.

1. Label each option clearly.

When a question offers an internal choice, write "Option A" or "Option B" at the top of your answer so the evaluator does not have to guess which one you attempted.

ChampionsPrep Next Step

Practise these four long-answer structures until you can reproduce the logic without looking at the marking scheme. Registration on ChampionsPrep is free and you only pay as you use it, so once the structure is automatic, you can keep testing it against fresh contexts and numbers at no upfront cost.